Broido



July' 7, 1953 Filed March 29, 1951 D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE 5 SheetsSheet l Inventor A Horn ey y 7, 1953 D. BROIDO 2,644,638

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed March 29, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 F119. us.

Inventor .4 Hartley y 7 3 D. BRomo 2,644,638

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed March 29, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 Inventor I III D. BROIDO CALCULATING MACHINE July 7, 1953 Filed March 29, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 4 In cantor Ailomey July 7, 1953 D.'B.ROIDO 2,644,638

CALCULATING MACHINE Filed March '29, 1951 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Patented July 7, 1953 OFFICE CALCULATING MACHINE DanielsBroido, Barnet, England.

Application March 29', 1951,, Serial No. 218,107

In Great Britain April 4, 1950 12 Claims. 1

This invention relatesto calculating machines of" the partial product type.

Machines ofthis kind use one se't oi representations of partial products for each denomination of the multiplicand'. Each set, or multiplication table, usually comprises ninety partial products, namely one for each of ten multipli cand digits -9 multiplied by each of nine multi plier digits 1 -9. This arrangementresults in a certain duplication of partial products, since they comprise not only, say, 15*= 3- 5 but also I5=5 3=,. and soon.

Arrangements are known which compriseonly forty-five partial products. In these: known arrangements the partialproducts are so positionedthattheir selection requires a two-dimensional movement; that is, a partial product is selected, by moving the multiplication table'- in one direction according to the desired multiplicandl digit and. in another direction according to the desired multiplier digit. Consequently, arrangements of this kind are somewhatbulky and cumbersome.

In order to obviate this difficulty, it has been previously suggested to arrange the: partial prod-- ucts in a unilateral manner by spacing. them logarithmically, or substantially so; This has the advantage of" a reduction in the number of partial products as mentioned above, aswell as a further advantage of a simple unilateral movement for the selectionof the required partial products. For practical reasons, however, a logarithmic spacing is less convenientthan an equidistant spacing. Further, since even the smallest spacing must not be too small: for the proper functioningof themachinc, and since in suchan arrangement the spacings increaserapidly in proportion to the logarithms of digits 1.9, the overall length of sucha logarithmically spaced table is considerable. Itis desirable, however, to arrange calculating mechanisms in a-very compact manner.

The main object of the present invention is to provide", for use in a: calculatingmachine, a multiplication table of simplcand compact kind, comprising not more than forty five representations of partial products arranged unilaterally and equidistantly;

Another" object is to provide simple and reliable means. for selecting for operation those partial products.- which correspond to the. digits entering intov a calculation.

A- further objectlis to. provideconvenient means for selecting for operation the required partial products by a? single unilateral movement of the mechanical multiplication table or tables.

Yetanother object is to provide means for partial products selection by a single unilateral movement in accordance with the two digits en--' tering into a calculation, irrespective of which digit is the multiplicand digit and which is the multiplier digit.

A further object is to reduce to a minimum the movements required for the selection of partial products.

Yet another object is to eliminate partial products whose value is 0.

Other objects will become apparent as the description. proceeds.

With these objects in view, a multiplication table made according to the present invention comprises physical representations of partial products equidistantly spaced and. unidirectionally arranged in groups, the first group comprising the products of the first digit multiplied by all other digits and by itself, the second group comprising the products of the second digit multiplied by all digits except the first, the third group comprising the products of the third digit multiplied by all digits except the first two, and so forth, the last group comprising the product of the last digit multiplied by itself.

A mechanism for selective positioning of multiplication table's made according to the present invention comprises an abutment fixedly associated with each group of partial products, means for yieldingly moving the multiplication tables in asingle direction, a fixed stop bar extending across the said tables and having a plurality of. steps each associated with a digit and equidistantly spaced in the said direction, a pair of locating members associated with each of said tables, either locating member of each pair being adapted on being engaged by one of said abutments to move in the saiddirection together withthe other locating member of the pair until this other locating member engages the said fixed stop bar, means for individually setting the first 1ocating member of each pair according to the desired multiplicand digit, andv means for jointly setting the second locating members of all pairs according to the desired multiplier digit.

In the accompanying drawings illustrating a preferred embodiment of the present invention:

Figure 1, constituted by Figures 1A and 1B, is-

a vertical section, substantially on. line I-I of Figure 3, showing the multiplicand set-up mechanism.

Figure 2, constituted by Figures 2A and 2B, is a verticalsection, substantially on line II-II of Figure 3, showing the multiplier set-up mechanism, the carriage being assumed in the extreme left-hand position,

Figure 3 is a horizontal section on line III-III of Figures 1 and 2.

Figure 4 is a partial section. on line IV-IV of Figure 1B, and

Figure is a partial section on line V-V of Figure 3.

Partial product plates In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the partial products are represented by notches of suitable depth cut into pairs of circular discs, one disc of each pair being reserved for the units and the tens, respectively, of the partial products. There is one pair of these discs or plates for each denomination of the multiplicand Within the machine capacity.

The units plate II) and the tens plate II are shown in Figures 1A and 2A, respectively. A portion of the periphery of each plate is divided into equidistant spaces occupied by notches arranged in groups, as indicated by numerals 1 to 9 between arrows. Each group of notches is associated with a digit, but this digit is only occasionally associated with either multiplicand or multiplier, as it may be sometimes associated with one factor and sometimes with the other factor. This will be explained as the description proceeds. The notches are arranged according to the following table:

Partial Tens Thus, the first notch (on the right) of units plate In is nine steps deep to represent the units of the product 1 9- -9; the corresponding space on the tens plate II is not notched, Fig. 2B, since the tens digit of this product is 0, and so on. The last notch (on the left), indicated by the numeral 9, is one step deep on the units plate to represent the units of the product 9 9=81, while the corresponding notch in the 4 tens plate is eight steps deep to represent the tens of this product.

The first group of partial products contains nine products of the first digit multiplied by all digits; the second group contains eight products of the second digit multiplied by all digits except the first; the third group contains seven products of the third digit multiplied by all digits except the first two, and so on, until the last group which contains only one product of the last digit multiplied by itself. There are altogether forty-five partial products.

Each plate I0, I I has a cutout with nine abutments Ia to Sc, each of which is associated with the respective group of partial products. Each abutment is so positioned that, when it abuts against locators presently to be described, the first notch of the respective group is aligned with a line S Where it may be sensed.

Each pair of plates I0, l I is fixedly mounted on a bush I2 rotatable on a sleeve I3 slidable on a splined shaft I4 rotatably mounted in the supporting structure of the machine. The two plates of each pair may be rigidlyconnected by rivets I5; they are properly aligned With each other, so that their notches and abutments Ia9a correspond exactly. Two locators, namely I6, Fig. 1A, and I1, Fig. 2A, are slidably and rotatably mounted on each bush 12. Each locator I6 has a lug I8 coacting with abutments Ia9a of the units plate I0, while the other 10- cator I! of each pair has a similar lug I8 coacting with abutments Ia9a of the tens plate II. A stud I9,'Fig. 1B,'fixed in the locator II engages a slot 20 in the associated locator I6. Thus, locators I6, I? of each pair are capable of being shifted independently from each other in a horizontal. direction by means to be described, and of being rotated jointly due to stud I9.

Sleeve I3 is held between side plates 2|, 22 (see also Fig. 3) of a carriage fully described hereafter. A stop bar 23, Figs. 1A, 2A, is fixed to the carriage plates 2|, 22; it has nine steps ls 9s spaced angularly exactly according to the notch spacing of the partial products plates II], t I.

Locators I6, I! are identical as far as their lugs I8 and ends 24 are concerned; they are so dimensioned that, when lugs I8 are in the position shown in Fig. 2A in readiness to engage abutments Ia, the ends 24 of the locators are aligned with, and are adapted to engage, the step Is of the stop bar 23; when a locator is shifted one step to the left as viewed in Figs. 1A, 2A, so that its lug I8 is aligned with abutment 2 a, its end 24 is aligned with step 2s, and so on. When both locators of a pair have their lugs I8 aligned with abutments 3a and the plates II), II are rotated clockwise by means to be described, abutments to, will engage lugs I8 and rotate the locators until their ends 24 abut against step 35 of stop bar 23; the total movement of the associated pair of plates II], II is such that the third (X3) notch of the third (3) group is brought into the sensing position S. Generally, when the lugs I8 on both locators of a pair are aligned with abutments Na, N be ing any digit from 1 to 9', the N N partial prodnot will be located, upon rotation of plates Ifl,

I I, in the sensing position S.

As will be described in due course, locator I6 of a pair is set according to the multiplicand digit, while the paired locator I! is set according to the multiplier digit. Assuming the required multiplication is 3X2, locator IE will be so shifted that its lug Illand end 24 are in positively, while lug I8 and end 24 of locator .II willv be in readiness to engage abutment 2d and step 28, respectively. Actually, when the plates II), II are rotated clockwise, abutment 2a will enage locator I! only, since it is nearer to this locator than the abutment 3a is to locator I 6 continued rotation of plates III, II will cause 10- cator I"! to rotate around shaft I4, and due to stud I9 the paired locator I6 will also rotate until its end 24 abuts against step 3s of stop bar 23; the rotation now ceases, plates II), II being so positioned that the notches representing 2 3=6 are in the sensing position S.

It is evident that exactly the same result will be achieved, if the digits of multiplicand and multiplier are reversed, that is, when the required multiplication is 2X3. In this case, abutment 211 will engage locator I6, While locator I! will engage step 3s of stop bar 23, the product 2 3 -6 being again located in the sensing position S.

It will be seen that the same product A will be located for sensing irrespective of whether its factors are b c or c b. In every case the lug I8 on one of the paired locators is engaged by an abutment Ia-9a associated with the smaller factor, thus selecting the corresponding group of partial products, while the end 24 of the other locator engages a step of bar 23 which is associated with the larger factor, thus selecting the particular product within the group. This arrangement makes it possible to eliminate duplication of partial products and to use only forty-five partial products arranged equidistantly and unilaterally as already described. This also explains why the digit associated with a group of notches in plates III, Il may correspond sometimes to a multiplicand digit, and sometimes to a multiplier digit.

The partial product plates III, II are releasably or yieldingly rotated by means of driving pawls 25, Fig. 2A, each of which is pivoted at 26 in the plate II and is biased by a spring 21 so that its. end protrudes into a cutout or groove of sleeve I3. When the shaft I4 is rotated clockwise by suitable means (not shown) through part of a full turn, pawls 25 drive the associated plates Iii, II until these plates are stopped by their locators ES, IT as described, whereupon the suitably sloped ends of pawls 25 are forced out of the grooves in sleeve I3. After the sensing operation the shaft I4 is restored, whereby the grooves in sleeve I3 pick up the pawls 25 and the associated plates ID, II and restore them to their normal positions shown in Figs. 1A, 2A. In order to prevent rebound, each plate II has ratchet teeth coacting with rebound pawls 28, Fig. 2A, biased by springs 29 and rockable on a shaft 39 fixedly supported in the carriage structure. Prior to the restoring rotation of shaft I4 a crossbar 3I is caused to move upwards, and to disengage the rebound pawls 28 from the ratchet teeth; on completion of the restoring movement bar 3! is restored to its normal position shown in Fig. 2A.

Locators I8, I I are restored as the edges of cutouts in plates I8; II engage the lugs I8; they are guided in slots of a plate 32 secured to the stop bar 23. When a multiplicand locator I6 is in the 0 position shown in Fig. 1A, its lug 33 is aligned with the edge of plate 32; thus, when the shaft I I is rotated, this locator I6 prevents any substantial rotation of the associated pair of plates II), II irrespective of the position of the associated multiplier locator I'I, so that the unnotched portions of plates I0, I I remain in the sensing position S.

M ultipl'icand set-up Each multiplicand locator IB has a stud 34, Fig. 1B, engaging. a suitable slot in a slide 35 mounted for horizontal movement in guides 36 secured in the carriage structure. Each slide 35 has a studs! engaged by a slot in a rocker 38 rotatable on a shaft 39 fixed in the carriage structure.

Ten keys 45, Figs. 1A, 3, associated with digits 0 to 9 serve to set up the multiplicand; they are rockable on a shaft II fixedly supported in the machine structure. Each key 40, except that associated with 0, is connected by a relatively strong spring 42 to a rocker 43 mounted adja cent to the associated key on shaft 4|; each rocker d3 coacts with a stud 44 in 'a striker45 mounted for horizontal movement on crossbars 65, 41 secured in the machine structure. Strikers 45 are biased towards the front of the machine byrelatively weak springs 48. As a key 40 is depressed, its rocker 43 causes the associated striker 35 to slide rearwards a predetermined amount, as set by an adjustable stop 49 protruding through a crossbar 50 secured in the machine structure.

Strikers 45 have prongs 5|, 52 adapted to coact with rods 53, 54, Fig. 13, secured in bails 55, 56 (see also Fig. 3) fixed to a shaft 51 journalled in the machine structure. Bail is extended to form a fork 58 which normally engages an arm 59 of the first (left hand in Fig. 3) rocker 38. .A spring 60 tends to rock the bail structure anticlockwise on to a stop 6 I.

When a key is depressed, it causes its striker 45 to slide rearwards, as described, until an abutment 62 of the striker contacts the stop 49. Meanwhile the upper prong 5| engages the upper rod 53 and turns it until the lower rod 54 abuts against the lower prong 52. Prongs 5I, 52 are so dimensioned that the rocking movement of the bail structure is exactly representative of the digit associated with the depressed key. This rocking movement is transferred by the fork 58 to the first rocker 38 which causes the associated slide 35 and locator I5 of the first pair of plates II), II to move accordingly, thus effecting the multiplicand setting. The key continues its downward movement, stretching its spring 42, until an extension 63 of the key stem, Fig. 1A, trips the carriage shift mechanism presently to be described. The key stroke is limited by a bar 64 secured in the machine structure. When released, the depressed key 40 returns to its normal position on to 'a bar 65 due to the strikerspring 48.

The 0 key 4!] has no rocker 43 and no striker 45; it serves merely to operate the carriage shift mechanism.

Linked at I56 to each rocker 38, Fig. 1B, is a connectingrod 61 linked at 68 to a sector 69, Fig. lAyrockable on shaft 30. Sectors 69 are guided in suitable slots in the stop bar 23; they mesh with gears III fast on numeral wheels II rotatable on a shaft I2 fixedly supported in the carriage structure. Thus, as a multiplicand locator I6 is set by depression of a key 40, the associated wheel H is rotated accordingly, and the digit associated with the depressed key appears ina window I3 provided in the carriage cover I4. This multiplicand setting remains visible after the respective keys are restored and until the multiplicand is cleared as will be described.

Carriage shift mechanism As shown in Figs. 1, 2, and 3, the carriage structure is formed by side plates 2|, 22 interconnected by crossbars I5, l6, l1. Rollers l8 journalled in crossbars l5, 75 run on rails 19, 80 secured in the machine structure. The carriage is biased to the left. as viewed in Fig. 3, by a suitable spring (not shown). An escapement pawl 8|, Figs. 1A and 5, is pivoted in the carriage plate 22 and is biased by a spring 82 so that normally its upper tooth 83 is in engagement with a tooth on a rack 84 fixed in the machine structure.

Bails 85, Fig. 1A, are fixed to bar 41 and are interconnected by rods 86, 81. A connecting rod 88 links the lower rod 81 to a rod 89 fixed at each end in a plate 9|! rockable on the key shaft 4|; a spring 9| anchored in the machine structure normally presses the plates 99 on to the crossbar 65.

Just before a depressed multiplicand key 40 reaches the end of its downward rocking movement, its extension 53 Strikes the rod 89 and rocks it slightly rearwards; this causes the bails 85 to rock, too, and the upper rod 86 causes the escapement pawl 81 to rock upwards. As the upper tooth 83 of the paw1 disengages the rack 84, the carriage shifts due to its spring approximately half the pitch of rack 84 to the left as viewed in Fig. '5, until a lower tooth 92 on pawl 8| engages the tooth on rack 84. When the depressed key 46 is released, bails 85 are restored by spring 9|, and pawl BI is restored downwards by its spring 82; as the lower tooth 92 disengage-s the rack 84, the carriage completes its one-step movement, until the upper tooth 83 engages the next tooth on rack 84.

Meanwhile, the fork 58 is restored by its spring Gi In order to ensure that the second half-shift of the carriage does not take place before the fork 58 is completely restored, a delay pawl 93, Figs. 1A, 1B, is rockably mounted on shaft 51. A spring 94 normally presses an arm 95 of the pawl 93 on to the rod 53. When the fork 58 is set clockwise as described, pawl 93 follows until it rests on red 86. As this rod rocks anti-clockwise to effect the first half-shift, pawl 93 moves up behind the rod 86 and latches it until the fork 53 is restored by spring 60, whereupon rod 53 rocks the pawl 93 out of the way of rod 86, which is then restored by spring 9 Slides 35 have teeth 96 coacting with an aligner rail 9!, Figs. 1B and i, which has a cutout 98. When the carriage is in the normal position shown in Fig. 3, rail 91 engages a tooth gap in all slides 35 except the first slide (left hand in Fig. i) which is associated with the first pair of partial products plates [0, I l; thus, all slides 35 are locked in their starting positions 0, except the first slide which is in the setting position, its rocker 38 being engaged by the setting fork 58 as shown in Fig. 3. When now a multiplicand key 49 is depressed, the first slide 35 is set accordingly and the key extension 63 operates the escapement mechanism 86, 8| as described, whereupon the first slide 35 moves to the left out of the cutout 98 and is now positively located in its set position by the rail 91; the second slide 35 is now in the cutout 98, its rocker 38 being in engagement with fork 58 so that it may be set according to the second multiplicand digit. Thisprocedure is repeated until the whole multiplicand is set up.

The carriage may be backspaced (moved to the right) by means of a backspacer lever 99 (Figs. 1A, 1B, 3) pivoted at It!) in the machine structure and biased to the left by a spring 39!. Pivoted at )2 in the lever $39 is a back-spacer pawl 03 biased on to a fixed stop 504 by a spring I05. Pawl Hi3 coacts with a rack K 6 fixed in the carriage plates 2|, 22. When the back-spacer lever 99 is moved to the right in the slot if)? of machine cover 38, pawl 03 comes oil its stop me and rocks into engagement with the nearest tooth on rack M16; as the lever 99 continues to rock to the right, the rack M36 and consequently the carriage is also caused to move to the right. The movement of lever 99 is limited by stops I89 so as to produce slightly more than one backstop of the carriage, whereupon the carriage is again located by the escapement pawl 2|. In order to allow for the back-spacing, pawl and rack M are shaped as shown in Fig. 5, pawl. teeth 83, 52 and rack teeth being chamfered on opposite sides. Thus, when the carriage is pulled to the left by its spring. the flat flank of tooth 83 positively engages the fiat flank. of the rack tooth, but when the carriage is backspaced to the right, the chamfered edge of tooth 33 is caused to move up by the chamfered edge of the next rack tooth, whereby the lower tooth 52 rocks up just behind this raek tooth, whereupon the chamfered edge of the second rack tooth causes the shamfered edge of tooth to move down.

As the carriage is backspaeed it is necessary to restore the multiplicand slides 35 to their normal positions (3, inasmuch as otherwise their rockers 38 would foul the setting fork 58. To this end each rocker 38 has a shoulder I it, Fig. 13-3, coacting with a reset lever pivoted at H2 in the machine structure. A slot H3, Fig. 3, in lever is engaged by a stud. lid fixed the backspacer lever 98. Normally the parts are in the positions shown; end or reset lever l i i is aligned with that rocker 33 which is in the setting position, but there is sufiicient clearance between the edge of reset lever and the shoulder it) to allow for free setting movement of the rocker. When the carriage is being backspaced, the rocking movement of backspacer lever 99 and stud H 3 causes the reset lever l I to rock clockwise as viewed in Fig. 3, so as to engage the shoulder it on that rocker 38 which is about to enter the setting position and to restore the arm 59 of this rocker into alignment with the setting fork 58. Slot H3 is so dimensioned that this restoring movement takes place just aft-er the respective slide 35 has entered the cutout 98 in rail 91, and before the associated rocker 59 enters the setting fork 58.

Multiplier set-up After setting up the multiplicand as described above, the first multiplier digit is set up by depressing a corresponding key H5, Figs. 2 .1 Multiplier keys H5 are rockable on a shaft H5 fixedly supported in the machine structure; they are biased by springs H? on to the crossbar A retainer bail H8 pivoted at H9 is biased into engagement with teeth on key plates I26 by a spring l2l. Linked at I22 to each key plate i251 is a striker I23 guided on a bar !24; the key stroke is limited by adjustable stops 49 protrudin through crossbar 5t. Retainer bail t8 serves iii a well-known manner to latch the depressed key in the down position; when another key H5 is depressed, it rocks the bail H8 out of the way I19 and thus unlatches-the previously depressed key, which is restored by its-spring I I1. I

Each striker I23-has prongs I25, I26 coactmg with rods I21, I28, Fig. '23, respectively, which are secured inbails I29; I30, Fig. 3, fixedto a shaft I3I journallcd in themachine structure; the bail structure is" biased by a spring I32 onto a stop I33. When astrlker I23 is being shifted by a multiplier key II5, its lower prong I26 contacts the lower rod I26 and causes it torotate around shaft I3I a predetermined-amount associated with the depressed key-9 at the end-of the stroke the upper prong I 'contacts the upper rod I21 and prevents overthrow. Thusy'thebrongs I25, I26-on strikers I'23are so dimensioned as to produce rotary movements of bails-I26, I which are representative of the digits associated" with the respective keys I I 5. A rod I34 pivoted in bail I29 is linked at I35 to a bracket I36 fixed to. a fiat shaft l3! journalledin bearings I38, Fig. 3, in the machine structurefiA "sleeve I39 slidable on shaft I3? is held between the carriage-plates 2 I, 22; thus, it slides along the shaft I31 according to the positioning of the'carriage. Fixedly mounted on sleeve I39 are plates I46, each of which has a pin-and-slot-connection IM toa slide I42 mounted for horizontal. movement in guides 36. Each slide I42 has a, slot I53 engaged by a stud I44 fixed in a multiplier locator I'I. Thus, as a multiplier key. [I5 is depressed, all multiplier locators Hare-jointly shifted a corresponding .amount, in readiness to locate the associated partial products plates I 0., II as already described.

After a multiplier digit has been set, the partial products are sensed, :for instance by racksgenerally indicated at I 45,.Fig. 1B, and transferred inany suitable manner to a:totalizer. 146. This sensing and totalizing mechanism'is not-a part of the present. invention; various mechanisms of this kind are well knownin the art. On such mechanism has :been described in-my prior British patent specification No. 577,330. After the first sensing operation the carriage may be shifted either by hand or automatically, for instanceas described in this prior specification, in readiness for multiplication by the next multiplier digit. Depression ,of thenext key II5 cancels the previous setting and resets the multiplier locators II according to they next. multiplier digit as described, and the process is repeated until the Whole multiplication is completed.

Modification I I The notches in plates iil l irepresenting the various partial products arenot necessarily arranged in the order shown in Figs. 1A, 2A. For instance, they may be arranged in the group order, from *right'rto left: 55, 4, 3, 2, I., 6;."I; 8, 9, the designations of abutments Ia-5a and of steps Is5s in the stop bar 23 being changed accordingly. These groups of notches would represent, respectively, the following partial" products:

8 (9, 8), and

In this modified arrangement the studs I8 on locators I6, I! when in 1 position will be in the middle of their stroke; they will be moved towards 10 the shaft I-4in order to set up the digits 2, 3, i, 5, and away from it in order to set up the digits 6, 7, 8, 9, the prongs of key-operated strikers 45 and I23 being shaped accordingly. Thus, this modified arrangement allows of a reduction of the setting movement of locators I 57* to four steps in either direction.

Instead of being arranged on rotary discs, the partial products notches or similar representations may be arranged on substantially rectangular plates shiftable in a straight line, the locators being set at right angles to this line.

The invention may be readily adapted to fullkeyboard machines and/or to machines wherein the whole multiplier is set up prior to the actual operation. Further modifications, apparent to those skilled in the art, of the partial products plates and associated selective mechanism described above may be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention.

What I claim is:

1. In a calculating machine, at least one set of pairs of stops representing the units and the tens of partial products, the said pairs of stops being equidistantly spaced in a single direction and arranged in groups each associated with a digit of a predetermined sequence of digits and comprising the stops representing the products of the respective digit multiplied by itself and by the following digits, if any, of the sequence, abutments on said set associated respectively with said groups, the spacing of said abutments in the said direct-ion being proportionate to the number of partial product stops in the respective groups, a bar having steps equidistantly spaced in the said direction and equal in number to the number of said groups, a pair of locators selectivelysettable relatively to the said abutments and to the said baraccording to the digits of the multiplicand and the multiplier respectively, and driving means for moving the said set of partial product stops in the said single direction according to the combined setting of the two locators.

'2. In a, calculating machine, a plurality of sets of paired stops representing the tens and the units of partial products, the said paired stops of each set being equidistantly spaced in a single direct-io'n and arranged in groups, each associated with a digit of a predetermined sequence and comprising the stops representing the products of this [conditioning one locator of each pair relatively to said abutments and to said bar according to the desiredmultiplicand digit, multiplier setting means for jointly conditioning the other locators of all pairs in relation to said abutments and said bar according to the desired multiplier digit, and

driving means for moving each of said sets in the said single direction and for positioning them individually according to the combined condition of the respective pair of locators.

3. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said abutments are ofiset in a second direction at an angle to the said single direction, the steps of the said bar being similarly offset in this second direction, and wherein the two locators of each pair are individually shiitable by the respective setting means in the said second direction and also are capable of a joint movement in the first-named single direction or" spacing of partial product stops.

l. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said driving means comprise means for moving the said sets of partial product stops yieldingly in the said single direction, and wherein the said bar extends across the said sets in a fixed position.

5. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said driving means are arranged to move the said sets yieldingly in the said single direction, the said bar fixedly extending across the said sets, and wherein either locator of each pair is adapted on being engaged by one of said abutments to move in the said direction together with the other locator of the pair until this other locator engages the said bar.

6. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein one locator of each pair is controlled by the said multiplicand setting means and is operatively associated with a fixed stop adapted to prevent any substantial movement of this locator in the said single direction of spacing of partial product stops, as long as this locator remains conditioned according to the-G value of the multi plicand.

7. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said sets of stops representing partial products and the said locators are mounted on a denominationally shiftable carriage.

8. A calculating machine according to claim 2,

wherein the said sets of stops representing the partial products and the said locators are mounted on a denominationally shiitable carriage, and wherein the said multiplicand setting means comprise nine multiplicand keys associated respectively with digits 1 to 9, a common actuator operatively associated with the said keys for conditioning one locator of that pair which is in a predetermined setting position relatively to the said actuator in accordance with the digit associated with an operated. multiplicand key, a further key associated with 0, and means operable after each key operation for shifting the said carriage.

9. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said sets of stops representing the partial products and the said locators are mounted on a denominationally shiftable carriage, and wherein the said multiplicand setting means comprise nine multiplicand keys associated respectively with digits 1 to 9, a common actuator operatively associated with said keys for conditioning one locator of that pair which is in a predetermined setting position relatively to the said actuator in accordance with the digit associated with an operated multiplicand key, a further key associated with 0, and means operable after each key operation for shifting the said carriage, further comprising locking means for positively retaining the condition of all locators controllable by the said keys except of the locator which is in the setting position and which is operatively associated with the said actuator.

10. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said sets of stops representing the partial products and the said locators are mounted on a denominationally shiftable carriage, and wherein the said multiplicand setting means comprise nine multiplicand keys associated respectively with digits 1 to 9, a common actuator operatively associated with said keys for conditioning one locator of that pair which is in a. predetermined setting position relatively to the said actuator in accordance with the digit associated with an operated multiplicand key, a further key associated with 0, and means operable after each key operation for shifting the said carriage, further comprising backspacing means for the carriage, and restoring means operatively associated with said backspacing means for restoring the condition of the said locators to that representative of 0.

11. A calculating machine according to claim 2, wherein the said sets of stops representing partial products and the said locators are mounted on a denominationally shiftable carriage, and wherein the said multiplier setting means comprise nine multiplier keys associated respectively with digits 1 to 9, and a common actuator operatively associated with the said keys, the said actuator being adapted to condition the second locators of all pairs in accordance with the operated multiplier key, jointly and in any position of the carriage.

12. In a calculating machine, a plurality of pairs of discs notched to represent the units and the tens of partial products, the two discs of each pair being rigidly interconnected and being rotatably mounted on a common shaft, the said notches being equidistantly spaced along the disc circumference in nine groups associated respectively with digits 1 to 9, each group of notches representing the products of the respective digit multiplied by itself and by higher digits if any, nine abutments on each pair of discs spaced at angular distances proportionate to the number of notches in the respective groups and also spaced equidistantly in a radial direction, a fixed bar having nine steps spaced equidistantly both radially and angularly in relation to the said shaft, a pair of locators associated with each pair of said discs, each locator being individually slidable radially to the said shaft into operative association with any one of said abutments and the corresponding step on said fixed bar, each pair of locators being also jointly rotatable around said shaft, and means for yieldingly rotating the said pairs of discs until one locator of each pair is engaged by one of said abutments and the other locator of the pair engages the said fixed bar.

DANIEL BROIDO.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 775,939 Saunders Nov. 29, 1904 1,088,207 Clarke Feb. 24, 1914 2,467,419 Avery Apr. 19, 1949 2,515,995 Ford July 18, 1950 2,580,295 Grigsby et a1. Dec. 25, 1951 FOREIGN PATENTS Number Country Date 621,755 Great Britain Apr. 19, 1949 

